Sheehan’s Syndrome – Overview, Risk Factors and Treatment

Overview Sheehan’s Syndrome, also known as postpartum hypopituitarism or postpartum pituitary insufficiency, can occur in women experiencing severe uterine hemorrhage or exceptionally low blood pressure during childbirth. The significant blood loss and subsequent reduced oxygen flow to the pituitary gland, caused by the hemorrhage, result in tissue death within the …

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Truncus Arteriosus – Types, Causes and Prevention

What is Truncus Arteriosus? Truncus arteriosus is a congenital heart defect characterized by the improper development of the embryonic heart during fetal growth. In a normal heart, the aorta and pulmonary artery are separate vessels that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, respectively. However, in individuals with truncus arteriosus, there is …

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Dubin Johnson Syndrome (DJS) – Overview and Causes

Overview of Dubin Johnson Syndrome Dubin Johnson Syndrome (DJS) stands as a rare and benign chronic condition affecting bilirubin metabolism. It is distinguished by conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, a liver exhibiting dark pigmentation, and the occurrence of anomalous pigment in hepatic parenchymal cells. The initial documentation of DJS dates back to 1954 …

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Achromatopsia – Types, Complications and Prevention

Definition Achromatopsia is an inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) characterised by partial or total colour blindness, in addition to other visual symptoms. The rod and cone photoreceptor cells are responsible for capturing the visual field. The rod cells perceive dim light (scotopic vision), are not sensitive to colour and are responsible …

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Azoospermia – Types, Treatment and Prevention

Definition Azoospermia is a medical condition characterized by the absence of sperm in a man’s ejaculate. Sperm, the male reproductive cells, are essential for fertilizing an egg and initiating the process of conception. Azoospermia can be classified into two main types: obstructive and non-obstructive. In obstructive azoospermia, there is a …

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