Definition Septic arthritis is also commonly referred to as bacterial or infectious arthritis. It is an intensely painful infection in a joint. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi may invade the joint through various routes that cause inflammation of the synovial membrane. With the onset of inflammation, cytokines and proteases are released, …
Read More »Shin Splints – Causes, Complications and Prevention
Definition Shin splints is the common term for medial tibial stress syndrome. It refers to pain felt anywhere along the shinbone from knee to ankle. People who play sports that involve a lot of running are particularly prone to this injury. One of the most common reasons for this pain …
Read More »Separation Anxiety Disorder – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder? Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is defined as excessive worry and fear about being apart from family members or individuals to whom a child is most attached. Children with separation anxiety disorder fear being lost from their family or fear something bad happening to a family …
Read More »Sneddon Syndrome – Classification, Symptoms and Treatment
Definition Sneddon syndrome is a rare, progressive condition that affects blood vessels. It is primarily characterized by livedo reticularis (net-like patterns of discoloration on the skin) and neurological abnormalities. Symptoms may include transient ischemic attacks (mini-strokes) and strokes; headache; dizziness; high blood pressure; and heart disease. Reduced blood flow to …
Read More »Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS) – Types, Symptoms and Treatment
Definition Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) also known as sinus node dysfunction is a term used to describe a number of different abnormalities in the heart rhythm (known as arrhythmias). Typically, the arrhythmias associated with sick sinus syndrome involve persistent bradycardia with intermittent tachyarrhythmias. Sick sinus syndrome is generally caused by …
Read More »Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) – Causes and Treatment
Definition Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) develops from obstruction of venous drainage from the upper body, resulting in increased venous pressure, which leads to dilation of the collateral circulation. The superior vena cava is a large vein located in the upper chest, which collects blood from the head and arms …
Read More »Sacroiliitis – Epidemiology, Types, Treatment and Prevention
Definition Sacroiliitis is a condition in which the sacroiliac (SI) joint – the large joint located between the sacrum (the tailbone) and the ilium (the pelvis) becomes inflamed or disrupted, and causes pain. There are two sacroiliac joints, one on the right side and one on the left, and they …
Read More »Stickler Syndrome – Definition, Types, Causes and Treatment
Definition Stickler syndrome and related disorders are a group of inherited conditions characterized by ocular abnormalities, hearing loss, and skeletal or joint problems. Most individuals with this syndrome have a distinct facial appearance with a flattened midface, sometimes with the Pierre Robin sequence. The majority of cases are caused by …
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