Definition Schizoaffective disorder is a complex mental health condition that combines features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder. Individuals experience persistent psychotic symptoms, resembling those found in schizophrenia, such as hallucinations (perceptions without real external stimuli) and delusions (strongly held false beliefs not based …
Read More »Gender Dysphoria – Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
What is Gender dysphoria? Gender dysphoria is a condition where an individual experiences significant distress due to the incongruence between their assigned gender at birth and their true gender identity. This distress can manifest in emotional, psychological, and social challenges, leading to feelings of anxiety, depression, and dissatisfaction with one’s …
Read More »Separation Anxiety Disorder – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
What is Separation Anxiety Disorder? Separation anxiety disorder (SAD) is defined as excessive worry and fear about being apart from family members or individuals to whom a child is most attached. Children with separation anxiety disorder fear being lost from their family or fear something bad happening to a family …
Read More »Toxic Stress – Causes, Effects, Risk Factors, and Prevention
What is toxic stress? Toxic stress refers to prolonged, traumatic life events that occur for an extended period of time in the child’s life without the protection of an adult. Examples can include abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), neglect (physical, emotional) and household dysfunction (parental mental illness, domestic violence, parental incarceration). …
Read More »Trichotillomania – Causes, Classification, and Prevention
Definition Trichotillomania (TTM), or hair pulling disorder, is a repetitive behaviour that involves an irresistible urge to repeatedly pull out one’s own hair. Trichotillomania belongs to a group of disorders known as body-focused repetitive disorders, in which individuals compulsively damage their physical appearance. Individuals with trichotillomania may pull out hair …
Read More »Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Overview and Types
Definition Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) involves unwanted and disturbing thoughts, images, or urges (obsessions) that intrude into a child/teen’s mind and cause a great deal of anxiety or discomfort, which the child/teen then tries to reduce by engaging in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions). As its name suggests, obsessive-compulsive …
Read More »Catatonia – Classification, Symptoms and Treatment
Definition Catatonia is a syndrome characterized by psychomotor abnormalities, often presenting as a state of apparent unresponsiveness to external stimuli or inability to move normally in a person who is awake. Classically associated with schizophrenia, but may also present in bipolar, PTSD, autism, encephalitis, and other neurologic disorders. If left …
Read More »Claustrophobia – Types, Causes, Treatment and Prevention
Definition Claustrophobia is an anxiety disorder that causes an intense fear of enclosed spaces. It can be rational to fear being trapped when there is a genuine threat. However, in claustrophobia, people experience fear even when there is no obvious or realistic danger in a particular situation. People who experience …
Read More »