Nephrocalcinosis – Summary Nephrocalcinosis is a disorder that occurs when too much calcium is deposited in the kidneys. It commonly occurs in premature infants. Individuals may not have symptoms or may have symptoms related to the condition causing Nephrocalcinosis. If kidney stones are present, symptoms may include blood in the …
Read More »Hydronephrosis – Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatments.
What is Hydronephrosis? Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys. The main function of the urinary tract is …
Read More »Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) – Pathophysiology, Risk factors and Causes
Definition Renal artery stenosis (RAS, sometimes also called renal artery disease or kidney stenosis) occurs when the two main vessels that deliver blood to the kidneys become stiff or narrowed due to vascular disease. RAS is a type of atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries, which occurs when fatty cholesterol …
Read More »Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome – Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention.
What is hemolytic uremic syndrome? Hemolytic uremic syndrome, or HUS, is a kidney condition that happens when red blood cells are destroyed and block the kidneys’ filtering system. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin – an iron-rich protein that gives blood its red color and carries oxygen from the lungs to …
Read More »Horseshoe kidney- Diagnosis, Complications, and Treatment
Definition Horseshoe kidney occurs in about one in 500 children. It occurs during fetal development as the kidneys move into their normal position in the flank area (area around the side, just above the waist). With horseshoe kidney, however, as the kidneys of the fetus rise from the pelvic area, …
Read More »Kidney Stone (Nephrolithiasis)- Causes, Treatment and Prevention
Definition A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract. Kidney stones are a common cause of blood in the urine (hematuria) and often severe pain in the abdomen, flank, or groin. Kidney stones are sometimes called renal calculi. The condition of having …
Read More »Hematuria – Causes, Treatment, and Prevention.
Hematuria – Overview Blood in urine – known medically as hematuria – is usually not a reason for major alarm. Because blood in urine can be a sign of a serious medical condition, however, it shouldn’t be ignored. All cases of hematuria should be evaluated by a doctor who can …
Read More »Proteinuria – Definition, Causes, and Treatment.
Definition Proteinuria is a condition characterized by the presence of greater than normal amounts of protein in the urine. It is usually associated with some kind of disease or abnormality but may occasionally be seen in healthy individuals. Plasma, the liquid portion of blood, contains many different proteins. One of …
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