Definition Moebius syndrome is a rare neurological condition that primarily affects the muscles that control eye movement and facial expression. Palsy of the muscles in the face is a common component of Moebius syndrome, and children who have this disorder typically lack the ability to smile, frown or raise their …
Read More »Takayasu’s arteritis – Prevalence, Symptoms, and Complications
Understanding Takayasu’s arteritis Takayasu’s arteritis is an uncommon form of vasculitis. Inflammation damages large and medium-sized blood vessels. The vessels most commonly affected are the branches of the aorta (the main blood vessel that leaves the heart), including the blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and travel through …
Read More »Whiplash Injury – Complications, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment
Definition Whiplash injury is an injury to the soft tissues of the neck caused by forced flexion followed by hyperextension of the neck. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments that surround the bones of the neck are stretched beyond their limits in whiplash injuries. This type of sudden stretching often results in …
Read More »Fabry Disease – Causes, Risk Factors, Complications, and Treatment.
What is Fabry Disease? Fabry Disease (FD) is a rare genetic disorder caused by a defective gene (the GLA gene) in the body. In most cases, the defect in the gene causes a deficient quantity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. This enzyme is necessary for the daily breakdown (metabolism) of …
Read More »Bronchiolitis – Types, Risk Factors, Treatment and Prevention
Definition Bronchiolitis is a type of chest infection that commonly affects children under 12 months of age. It occurs when the very small airways in the lungs, called the bronchioles, become inflamed and swell up. The bronchioles are the smallest air passages within the lungs. When they are compromised, usually …
Read More »Telangiectasia – Description, Pathophysiology, and Prevention.
What is telangiectasia? Telangiectasia (commonly known as “spider veins”) are dilated or broken blood vessels located near the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. They often appear as fine pink or red lines, which temporarily whiten when pressed. “Matted” telangiectasias are clusters of these small dilated blood vessels that …
Read More »Dystonia – Types, Risk factors, Causes and Treatment
Understanding Dystonia Dystonia is a neurological disorder that causes excessive, involuntary muscle contractions. These muscle contractions result in abnormal muscle movements and body postures, making it difficult for individuals to control their movements. The movements and postures may be painful. Dystonic movements are typically patterned and repetitive. It can affect …
Read More »Renal Artery Stenosis (RAS) – Pathophysiology, Risk factors and Causes
Definition Renal artery stenosis (RAS, sometimes also called renal artery disease or kidney stenosis) occurs when the two main vessels that deliver blood to the kidneys become stiff or narrowed due to vascular disease. RAS is a type of atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries, which occurs when fatty cholesterol …
Read More »