Definition Hypocalcemia is a condition where blood levels of calcium are low. Hypocalcemia is a total serum calcium concentration < 8.5 mg/dL (< 2.13 mmol/L) in the presence of normal plasma protein concentrations or a serum ionized calcium concentration < 4.7 mg/dL (< 1.17 mmol/L). Normal calcium values range from …
Read More »Hemiplegia – Types, Causes and Treatment
Definition Hemiplegia refers to the severe or complete loss of motor function on one side of the body. Depending on the side of the body that is affected, hemiplegia is further classified as right or left hemiplegia. Hemiplegia is usually caused by brain damage localized to the cerebral hemisphere opposite the affected side. For example, injury to the left …
Read More »Hantavirus Infection – Transmission, Risk factors, and Prevention
What is Hantavirus Infection? Hantavirus infection is a viral disease that is spread from rodents to people. The virus can cause severe infections of the lungs (with cough and shortness of breath) or kidneys (with abdominal pain, and sometimes kidney failure). Hantaviruses are a family of viruses spread mainly by …
Read More »Haemophilus Influenzae – Diagnosis and Prevention
What is Haemophilus influenzae? Haemophilus influenzae or H. influenzae, represents a group of bacteria that may cause different types of infections in infants and children. H. influenzae most commonly causes ear, eye, or sinus infections, and pneumonia. A more serious strain of the bacteria called H. influenzae type b has been …
Read More »Heart Murmur – Prevalence, Complications, and Treatment
Definition Heart murmur is an extra or abnormal sound that is heard during cardiac auscultation (when your healthcare provider listens to your heart with a stethoscope). A murmur doesn’t cause noticeable effects on its own. Certain heart murmurs are completely harmless and are not associated with any health problems at …
Read More »Head and Neck Cancer – Types, Risk Factors, and Prevention.
What are head and neck cancers? Head and neck cancer is a term that describes a range of cancers that begin in the head and neck region. Cancer can occur inside the sinuses, nose, mouth and salivary glands down through the throat. Although these cancers are different, they are treated similarly, so are …
Read More »Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) – Overview
Definition Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is one of the most complex cardiac defects seen in the newborn. It is one of the most challenging to manage of all congenital heart defects. It is one of a group of cardiac anomalies that can be grouped together under the description single …
Read More »Hirschsprung’s disease – Types, Pathophysiology, and Treatment
Definition Hirschsprung’s disease is a rare birth defect that affects the large intestine (bowel). It is caused by missing some or all of the nerve cells in your intestine. Nerve cells are important because they tell your intestine to push stools through your bowel. This condition occurs while a baby …
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